strings of information, sent by the service provider server to the user’s computer. They contain the user name, so that the administrator may identify the user’s computer and track his/her favorite sites on the Web
Cookies may be:
transient, also called session or “per-session” cookies are used to optimize navigation and are erased when the user ends the connection
persistent, if they are stored on a user’s hard drive, unless the user himself/herself deletes the cookies; they are used to collect a large variety of information, which can be tracked by the supplier of the service for different purposes
It is possible to check the use of cookies through specific browser set-ups: e.g. Internet Explorer permits, both for non-stored (per-session) cookies and stored cookies, to opt for full activation, activation after receiving a warning message and confirmation or deactivation
Computer functions made up by smaller cookie strings, mainly used to record technical information such as user IP and browser type. They are also called invisible GIFs, clear GIFs, 1-by-1 GIFs or single-pixel GIFs
Files residing on the provider servers, also called log files, clickstream data, server logs; they may automatically register data relating to a connection for different purposes:
accounting-administrative functions
tracking of type of user access (e.g.: system administration, type of browser, date and time of visit, images or texts selected, purchases (if any), file download, screen set-up, etc.) also to improve the contents of the site
The user is required to provide some data, either on an obligatory or a voluntary basis, to improve the relation, with possible contractual implications inherent to the type of services provided
Specific information and, if appropriate, the relevant consent are required
